Rabu, 21 Maret 2012

Mineral resources is treasure house for human

As far back as before the human species emerged, the ancestry of human beings, Australopithecid (about 5.0~1.0 Ma B.P.), probably due to the influence of its way of life and the change of its labor habits, gradually learnt to walk on two limbs in an erect posture instead of walking on four limbs like an animal, thus completing "the decisive step in the transition from ape to man" (Friedrich Engles).

These apes who were good at walking erect learnt to pick up and use natural stone pieces or tree branches with their liberated upper limbs to knock down fruits from trees and dig up root tubers of plants from the earth so as to collect the food they needed and also learnt to protect themselves with stone pieces from the attacks of fierce wild beasts. In the protracted struggle with nature by using natural stone pieces, they found that some hard and sharp stone pieces were more effective in use and so they tried to cut and thump common stone pieces and wooden sticks with hard rocks such as chert or quartzite to make them more suitable for use.

When these progressive ancient apes (evolving human beings) succeeded in cutting and thumping stones into stone implements and began conciously to make stone implements and use the implements made by themselves, the great qualitative leap in true transition from the instinctive labor form of animal to the labor form of human beings was accomplished, thus marking the ultimate separation of the apes from ordinary animals and their transformation into the human species. Karl Marx pointed out in Capital: "No sooner does labour undergo the least development, than it requires specially prepared instruments. Thus in the oldest caves we find stone implements and weapons." Friedrich Engles also pointed out in The Role of Labour in the Process of Transition from Ape to Man that there was not a single ape"s hand that had made even a crudest stone knife and that it was only when the ansistry of the human race was able to make implements in labour and to use artificially made implements in labour that the human race came into being.

Hence, it can be seen that the human race got closely related with stone material mineral resources and initiated the prelude to the Paleotithic Age from the very first day it was differentiated from its ancestry, the Australopithecid, began to make stone implements conciously and was thus transformed into human beings. Archaeological findings from all parts of the world indicate that the stone materials used by the human race at the very beginning for making implements all belong to the group of nonmetallic mineral resources, such as chert, limestone, quartzite, sandstone and granite. In the course of the historical development after the human race came into being, the development and utilization of mineral resources such as copper ore, iron ore, petroleum and coal by human beings have vigorously promoted the development of productive forces and the progress of society. The evolution of human society from the Paleolithic Age through the Neolithic Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Atomic Age to the current Electronic Information Age has always been related to the gradually expanding development and utilization of mineral resources. It can be asserted without exaggeration that human society would not have reached such a state as it is today without the discovery, development and utilization of mineral resources.
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